Day 13 – Rabka Zdroj, Poland

Today we headed south to visit two cities:  Rabka Zdroj and Zakopane.  The weather called for rain and clouds, but we hoped the weather would cooperate with us.
As we left Krakow, Yola gave us maps of Krakow and explained the layout of the city.  She talked about her grandmother who had died a few years ago at age 96 and all of the changes that Poland had experienced in that one lifetime — before World War I as a partitioned nation,  then World War I (1914-1918),  the establishment of the independent Polish nation (Second Republic) from 1918 until Hitler marched in in 1939; World War II and Occupation by Germany and the Soviet Union (1939-1945), the Communist period and role as a Soviet satellite (1945-1989) and the establishment of democracy and the Third Republic 1989-present) – six regime changes, highlighting the great changes Europe has tended to see in comparison to the stability of the United States.  She also spoke to us of growing up under communism in Poland and the changes in her life since the fall of communism.
She told us how surprised she was as a teenager, to learn of the choice of a Polish bishop to become the next pope.  We knew some of the ties of  Pope John Paul II, now Saint John Paul, to this area.  Born Karol Wojtyla in Wadowice, near Krakow, in 1920, he grew up in an apartment building which was owned by a Jewish family and had many Jewish friends growing up.  He also was an avid sportsman who loved hiking and skiing in the Tetra mountains bordering Slovakia that we would see today.  He was named Archbishop of Krakow in 1964, made a cardinal in 1967, and was elected Pope in 1978.  He visited Poland during the communist era and is credited with helping to bring about the fall of communism in Poland.
Our first stop on today’s journey was the small town of Rabka Zdroj, often just referred to as Rabka.  Many of the towns in this area also have ‘zdroj’  [meaning ‘spa]] added to their name. This area of Poland is well known for a number of spa towns and health resorts.  Rabka has been a source of fresh air for people suffering from lung ailments and allergies for more than a century.

 

 

We came to visit a Jewish cemetery we had first visited in 2012 and then again in 2014 and last year, 2016.  Each of those years we had trudged up a hill,  and taken an unmarked path into the woods which ran before a convent, to a Jewish cemetery virtually hidden in the woods.  Shalmi had told us what was known about this area.   Before the war, there was a Jewish community here in Rabka, and although the exact numbers were unknown, they were probably about 1/3 or perhaps more of the townspeople, inasmuch as much of the health business was in the hands of Jews.  There was also a convent here; the same building but run by a different order.  During the war the Gestapo took over part of the convent and used it as a school for interrogation.  Part of the experiential learning phase necessitated that they practice on human subjects, and members of the Jewish community were to serve this function.  Their interrogation practices involved torture and ended when the subject was dead.  They then just threw the bodies out behind the convent building.   Our knowledge had been that the sisters knew that they were Jewish and wanted to give them a respectful burial, but they knew nothing about the Jewish rituals for burying the dead.  They knew the Germans would not approve, and they were possibly risking their lives, so in secret, they dragged the bodies from behind the convent into the woods where they buried the corpses, one by one,  trying as best they could, to provide a respectful burial in this hidden cemetery.

 

Five years ago, we had attempted to talk to the new order of sisters about the cemetery but they said they knew nothing, clearly did not want to speak with us and did not encourage us to go see it.  There was also a neighbor who watched us trek into the woods and was visibly upset with our presence.  The same had been true of our visit here, in 2014.  But last year Shalmi had said, before we entered the woods, that he thought the mayor had been paying attention to the site.   We had carefully maneuvered through muddy sections of the unmarked, barely distinguishable path,  and as we turned a corner came upon an unanticipated but wonderful sight:  a stone path had been established, a footbridge constructed over the stream, and an information guidepost marker stating what had happened her (in Polish and in English) had been built in front of the gated Jewish cemetery.  Inside the cemetery, we had discovered that much work had been done.  The weeds had been pulled, the trees and shrubs had been pruned and one could see the memorial markers and the gravesites.
This year we had been in contact with the mayor of Rabka and hoped that we would be able to meet with her and talk about the changes we had seen last year and why the town had chosen to focus efforts on fixing up and marking this site.  She was unable to meet with us, but put us in contact with a local resident who, we were told, would be able to speak with us about the Jewish cemetery.  It was raining heavily as our bus pulled up in front of the building we had thought was a convent in Rabka ,so we decided to have our meeting with this gentlemen aboard the bus.  We could not have anticipated what we were to learn from this special man, Narcyz Listkowski.

 

Narcyz was an electrician who became interested in the history of the Jewish community in Rabka about ten years ago.  He had grown up and still lived in a house that had been owned by Jews in what was a Jewish neighborhood of Rabka.  He said that since his early childhood, people had spoken about his house and other homes on the street as also previously owned by Jews.  Many residents of these houses felt that if the Jews returned they would be expelled from their homes, so Narcyz said he was raised with a feeling of anxiousness.  He also said he had never seen a Jew in his childhood.  In 2008 a book had been published, Dark Secrets of Tereski Villa, and in that book he saw a photograph of his home and first learned that it had been the building which house the ritual mikvahand that during the period of 1941-1942 Jewish workers had been brought there and disinfected.  He then began to do more research about Jewish history in Rabka.
Today Rabka has a population of 16,000 but no Jews.  The first mention of Jews in Rabka was in an 1830 church document which mentioned one Jewish family.  Ten years later there were 35 Jews and the Jewish population continued to grow after a spa was established here in 1874.  By the end of the 19thcentury under the Austro-Hungarian Empire there were 280 Jews.  Before World War II, the region of Rabka had a population of 7,000 and about 450 Jews.  The town of Rabka, itself, was a village of about 3,000 people and 400 Jews.  Narcyz said that there were still inhabitants of Rabka who were alive during the war and remembered Jewish neighbors.  He had located many of these people and chronicled their oral testimonies.
He told us that the building, since 1995  is the School of St. Theresa, run by an order of nuns.  It is a  school for children who are blind or partially sighted, as well as children with physical or developmental disabilities.  In 1941 it became a Gestapo school for interrogations as we had thought, the German Police Academy under Hans Kruger as its first commandant.  The second commander was Wilhelm Rosenbaum who hated Jews.   Under Rosenbaum, all Jews more than 10 years old had to be assigned work details such as sweeping, building and cleaning roads, and working in a local quarry. Rosenbaum determined whether the Jews were to be given work or used as test subjects in the interrogation school.  Steps to the school were created with headstones from local Jewish cemeteries, though none ever existed in the town of Rabka.

 

Narcyz said that when the Jews that served as interrogation subjects died, their bodies were just dumped, but contrary to what we had believed, it was not the nuns who buried the bodies from what was the convent across the street, but that other members of the Jewish community came and secretly buried them.  It was not until after the war that the nuns began secretly taking care of the Jewish cemetery, but they had no part in its creation.    In August 1942 there was a mass deportation of the Rabka Jews to Belzec.  At the end of the war, less than 20 Jews of the 450 who had lived here, remained in the area, most having survived in hiding.
Narcyz showed us a detailed map of the Rabka region.  He said that in the spring of 1942, there were 690 names on a list created by the local Judenrat (Jewish Council).  He had marked in yellow the homes of Jewish families, including the house where he lived.  For several years he and two others who are similarly interested in this history, Grzegorz Moskal an Michal Rapta have been working to commemorate sites and make the local people aware of the history.  Grzegorz Moskal is a history teacher and Michal Rapta works in a shop.  They have been cleaning Jewish cemeteries in the area, and dug out the original steps to the Rabka synagogue on the street where he lives.

 

We disembarked from the bus and entered the path marked by  a signpost reading “Jewish Wartime Cemetery”. We walked to the cemetery where we had a chance to walk around.  It turns out that the visits each year of the Holocaust Study Tour and the work of Narcyz and his friends had not gone unnoticed in the community  and by the mayor.  One thing led to another and the mayor authorized the building of the path and the signposts, and more and more people started to talk about what they knew.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shalmi told us this was again a subject of human behavior.  Why some people, like Narcyz,   gaining certain information, became interested and started doing research and others, the majority, having the same information choose to do nothing.
Narcyz said that in 2011 he found the steps leading to the synagogue and started digging them out.
He offered to show us the steps and our bus followed him to the market square.  We walked up the street to where the synagogue once stood and he showed us the steps.  The building next to the steps is now owned by the town and is slated to become a museum to the history of the town, including its Jewish history, when funds become available.  Narcyz showed us the one known photo of the synagogue, a wood synagogue and where it would have been situated on the now vacant land.

 

 

 

 

 

He brought us a few houses down to his house where he asked if we would sign his guest book, which we all did.  We promised to remain in contact and learn more about his project and the history.  Narcyz recommended a local restaurant for lunch and we headed there for a great lunch.  After lunch it was raining heavily and we concluded that it was best to head back to Krakow as the outdoor market was likely to be closed and we would be unable to take the funicular to the top.

 

 

 

 

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    Mr Miles

  23. We have direct and efficient providers of Bank Guarantee (BG’s), Insurance Guarantees,Confirmable Bank Drafts, Standby Letters of Credit (SBLC) medium term note (MTN) and Third Party Guarantees. which are specifically for sell/lease at leasing price of 4+2% /32+2% for selling price.
    If you are a potential Investor or principal looking to raise capital, we will be happy to answer any questions that you have about this opportunity and to provide you with details regarding these services.

    Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded, by providing you with yearly renewable leased bank instruments. We work directly with the providers of these instruments.

    DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS:

    1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG) or Standby Letter of Credit (SBLC)
    2. Total Face Value: Euro/USD 100,000.00 – Euro/USD 50,000,000,000.00
    3. Issuing Bank: HSBC Bank London, Barclays Bank London, Deutsche Bank AG Frankfurt etc.
    4. Age: One Year and One Day (With the option of Rolls and Extension)
    5. Leasing Fee: 4% + 2% [negociable]
    6. Delivery: Bank to Bank Swift MT799 and/or MT760
    7. Payment: MT103
    8. Hard Copy: By Bank Bonded Courier within 7 banking days after delivery of Swift.

    Contact: Name: SAMRI NAZEER

    Email: INFO.ACEFINANCELTD@GMAIL.COM
    SKYPE:INFO.ACEFINANCELTD@GMAIL.COM
    WHATAPP:+14079068560

  24. My name is Mohammed Ahsan I’m a financial Consultant of a reputable firm Operating out of the United Kingdom
    we provide Discrete Financial, Services for High Net Worth CEO’s/Executives of Corporation & Senior Government Officials globally.
    What we do is Legal & within the ambit of the law but following the Leakage of the Infamous United Kingdom
    Papers & subsequent threat by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ)
    International Criminal Court (ICC)
    Below is what my Sender can offer.
    1, MT103 gpi automatic
    2, MT103 wire transfer
    3, MT103 TT
    4, MT103/202 manual download
    5, SBLC lease and Purchase

    All bank instrument will be done via bank officer to bank officer, Receiver has to provide bank officer details
    on DOA all brokers are welcome and guarantee of there payment after successful deal
    kindly send me a message via email and WhatsApp.

    Email: mohammedahsan877@gmail.com

  25. Rychlá a spolehlivá nabídka půjček Nabízím vám jediný finanční půjčku od přímého investora od 50 000 do 50 000 000 Kč. Tato nabídka platí pro celou Českou republiku a pro všechny občany. Splatnost tohoto úvěru může být stanovena na 240 měsíců s možností předčasného splacení za jakoukoli cenu a bez zvýšení. Vezměte úvěr v plné výši a zaplatíte své prostředky do 24 hodin. Chcete-li půjčit, napište na adresu: wogeovahana@gmail.com whatsapp +420723117416

  26. We are trusted trade finance solution providers who is here to help you keep your supply chain moving smoothly in order to lead you to business growth. Offering you a range of trade finance solutions and services including Letter of Credit (USANCE and AT SIGHT, Back to Back LC), Standby Letters of Credit (SBLC), Bank Guarantee (BG), Performance Guarantees ,Advance payment Guarantees, Proof of Funds (POF), Blocked Funds, Bank Drafts, Pre-Advice messages, Bank Comfort letters , Ready Willing and Able (RWA) and more.

    With experience in handling clients of businesses of all sizes, we have the knowledge and the expertise to offer you a proven trade finance solution for your situation. Whether you are a trader, an importer, exporter, introducer, a consultant, or a broker we are here to offer you integrated trade finance solutions for reasonable service costs.

    * FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
    LEASING FEE = 4%+2%
    * FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
    PRICE = 32%+2%.
    if you are interested in our quality services, kindly reach out via the information below
    Skype:-dpfinanciallimited@gmail.com
    Email:-dpfinanciallimited@gmail.com

  27. We are Ireland based Major/Direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC, POF, MTN, Bonds and CDs and this financial instruments are specifically for lease and sale. We are one of the leading financial instrument providers with offices all over Europe we always deliver on time and precision as set forth in the agreement.
    You are at liberty to engage our leased facilities into trade programs, project financing, Credit line enhancement, Corporate Loans (Business Start-up Loans or Business Expansion Loans), Equipment Procurement Loans (Industrial Equipment, Air crafts, Ships, etc.) as well as other financial instruments issued from AAA Rated bank such as HSBC Bank Hong Kong, HSBC Bank London, Deutsche Bank AG Frankfurt, Barclays Bank , Standard Chartered Bank and others on lease at the lowest available rates depending on the face value of the instrument needed, Our Terms and Conditions are reasonable.
    DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS:
    1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG)/SBLC (Appendix A)
    2. Total Face Value: 10M MIN to 50B MAX USD or Euro
    3. Issuing Bank: HSBC, Deutsche Bank Frankfurt, UBS or any Top 25 .
    4. Age: One Year, One Day
    5. Leasing Price: 4+2%
    6. Sale Price: 32+2%
    7. Delivery by SWIFT .
    8. Payment: MT103-23
    9. Hard Copy: Bonded Courier within 7 banking days.
    If you have need for Corporate loans, International project funding, etc, or if you have a client that requires funding for his/her project or business, We are also affiliated with lenders who specialize on funding against financial instruments, such as BG, SBLC, POF or MTN, we fund 100% of the face value of the financial instrument.
    Inquiries from agents/ brokers/ intermediaries are also welcomed; do get back to us if you are interested in any of our services and for quality service.
    Name : Uspaceaero Limited
    E-mail : uspaceaerolimited@gmail.com
    Skype id :uspaceaerolimited@gmail.com

  28. We offer certified and verifiable financial bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
    of taking up time bound transactions.
    FOR LEASING OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
    MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
    LEASING PRICE = 4%+2%
    FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
    MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
    PURCHASE PRICE = 32%+2%
    Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded
    I will be glad to share with you our working procedures.
    Email : inquiry.fastfunding@gmail.com

  29. Dear Sir,

    We are Ireland based Major/Direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC, POF, MTN, Bonds and CDs and this financial instruments are specifically for lease and sale.
    We are one of the leading financial instrument providers with offices all over Europe we always deliver on time and precision as set forth in the agreement.
    You are at liberty to engage our leased facilities into:
    Trade programs,
    project financing,
    Credit line enhancement,
    Corporate Loans (Business Start-up Loans or Business Expansion Loans),
    Equipment Procurement Loans (Industrial Equipment, Air crafts, Ships, etc.)
    You can as well be guided on other financial instruments issued from AAA Rated bank such as HSBC Bank Hong Kong, HSBC Bank London, Deutsche Bank AG Frankfurt, Barclays Bank , Standard Chartered Bank and others on lease at the lowest available rates depending on the face value of the instrument needed.

    Our Terms and Conditions are reasonable, Our Clients don’t complain for We are reliable.

    DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS:
    1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG)/SBLC (Appendix A)
    2. Total Face Value: 10M MIN to 50B MAX USD or Euro
    3. Issuing Bank: HSBC, Deutsche Bank Frankfurt, UBS or any Top 25 .
    4. Age: One Year, One Day
    5. Leasing Price: 4+2%
    6. Sale Price: 32+2%
    7. Delivery by SWIFT .
    8. Payment: MT103-23
    9. Hard Copy: Bonded Courier within 7 banking days.

    If you have need for Corporate loans, International project funding, etc, or if you have a client that requires funding for his/her project or business,
    We are also affiliated with lenders who specialize on funding against financial instruments, such as BG, SBLC, POF or MTN, we fund 100% of the face value of the financial instrument.
    Inquiries from agents/ brokers/ intermediaries are also welcomed.

    Name : FF Consultancy Limited
    E-mail : ffconsultancyltd@gmail.com
    Skype id :ffconsultancyltd@gmail.com

  30. Hello,

    We Offer Swift MT760 BG/SBLC, FC MTN, Letter of Credit { LC }, MT103Etc.

    N/B: Provider’s Bank move first.

    Let me know if you have any need for the above offers.

    Thanks
    Name: Jerry Osborne
    Email: osbornej715@gmail.com

  31. GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY/LEASE
    AT THE BEST RATES AVAILABLE

    We offer certified and verifiable bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable of taking up time bound transactions.

    FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC

    MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1MLEASING FEE = 4%+2%
    FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC PRICE = 32%+2%
    MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M

    Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded, loan financing by providing you with yearly. RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days

    Name :karen perry

    Email :karenperry830@gmail.com
    Skype: karenperry830@gmail.com

  32. We are genuine certified Financial Instrument providers. Presently, we only focus on BG/SBLC for Lease and purchase purposes. Our Lease BG/SBLC is 4+2% and purchase at 32+2%.

    Kindly contact us for our procedures and be sure that we would respond within 48hrs maximum.

    For further inquiry contact: BERRIDGE, Ian

    Email: bizfinleasingltd@gmail.com

  33. Are you in need of a personal/commercial loan to start your business or fix your home?
    Refinance a business or acquire a property , a loan to pay your bills/debts.
    We offer quick loans with understandable terms, Loans without surprises . contact us now on Loanwestlake@gmail.com
    telegram___https://t.me/loan59

  34. Dear Sir,
    Are you an individual businessman or a business organization that wishes to expand in business ??, we offer financial instruments such as BGs, SBLCs, LCs, and others on lease and sales at affordable rate and reasonable condition from a genuine provider. You are at liberty to engage our leased facilities into trade programs as well as in signatory project(s) such as Aviation, Agriculture, Petroleum, Telecommunication and any other project(s) etc.
    With our financial/bank instrument you can establish a line of credit with your bank and/or secure a loan for your projects in which our bank instrument will serve collateral in your bank to fund your project.
    We deliver with time and precision as set forth in the agreement. Our terms and Conditions are reasonable and we work directly with issuing bank lease providers, this instrument can be monetized on your behalf for up to 100% funding. Intermediaries/Consultants/Brokers are welcome to bring their clients and are 100% protected. In complete confidence, we will work together for the benefits of all parties involved.
    All relevant business information will be provided upon request.
    BROKERS ARE WELCOME & 100% PROTECTED!!!
    If Interested kindly contact
    Name:Richard Stone
    Email:eefinancecorporation@gmail.com

  35. Credit Offer

    Do you urgently need a loan? Do we grant personal loans? business loans? home loan? farm loans? education loans? Debit Consolidation Loan? truck loans? car loans? hotel loans? refinance loans? and more debt? start-up loans? .We offer with 2% interest rate! Contact us via: (challotloan@gmail.com )

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